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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs' understanding and ability to make use of relational affordances and learner-internal elements, were important. For instance the RIs of TS and ZL both mentioned their relationships with their local professors as an important factor in their decision to avoid criticising an uncompromising professor (see the example 2). This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean published up to 2020. It focuses on the practical core topics such as: Discourse Construction Tests The discourse completion test is a common instrument in pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also some disadvantages. For instance it is that the DCT is unable to account for the cultural and individual differences in communicative behavior. Additionally it is also the case that the DCT is susceptible to bias and may cause overgeneralizations. It should be carefully analyzed before it is used in research or evaluation. Despite its limitations, the DCT is a useful tool for investigating the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability to manipulate social variables relevant to politeness in two or more steps could be a benefit. This feature can help researchers understand the role of prosody in communication across different cultural contexts, a key issue in cross-cultural pragmatics. In 무료슬롯체험 , DCT is one of the most useful tools to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to study a variety of issues such as politeness, turn-taking, and lexical choice. It can be used to assess phonological complexity in learners in their speech. Recent research has used a DCT as a tool to assess the skills of refusal among EFL students. The participants were given a list of scenarios and were asked to choose the appropriate response from the options provided. The authors concluded that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures that included a questionnaire as well as video recordings. Researchers cautioned, however, that the DCT should be employed with caution. They also suggested using other methods for data collection. DCTs are often created with specific linguistic requirements in mind, like content and form. These criteria are based on intuition and based upon the assumptions of test creators. They may not be accurate, and they may misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually reject requests in actual interactions. This issue requires more investigation into alternative methods of measuring refusal competence. A recent study has compared DCT responses to requests submitted by students via email with the responses gathered from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally indirect request forms and used hints less than email data. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study investigated Chinese learners' pragmatic decisions regarding their use of Korean by using a range of tools that were tested, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) as well as metapragmatic questionnaires and Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs with upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked to think about their evaluations and refusal responses in RIs. The results showed that CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and their choices were influenced by four major factors: their personalities, multilingual identities, their ongoing lives, and their relational advantages. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment. First, the MQ data were examined to determine the participants' rational choices. The data was classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were compared to their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine if they reflected pragmatic resistance or not. Additionally, the participants were asked to justify their choices of behavior in a given situation. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were examined using descriptive statistics and z tests. It was discovered that the CLKs frequently resorted to euphemistic responses such as “sorry” and “thank you.” This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language, which led to a lack of knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to move towards L1 norms varied based on the DCT situations. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12, the CLKs preferred to diverge from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 they favored a convergence to L1 norms. The RIs also revealed the CLKs were aware their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-toone within two days of the participants completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed by two independent coders, were then coded. The coding was an iterative process, where the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The results of the coding process are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine if they reflected the actual behavior. Refusal Interviews (RIs) The key problem in the field of pragmatic research is: Why do some learners refuse to accept native-speaker norms? Recent research has attempted to answer this question with several experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants comprised 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were asked to perform the DCTs in their first language and to complete the MQs either in their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI where they were asked to reflect and discuss their responses to each DCT situation. The results showed that CLKs, on average, did not adhere to the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did so even though they could create patterns that resembled native ones. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their choice to learner-internal factors like their identities and personalities as well as multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors, like relational affordances. For example, they described how their relationships with professors led to more relaxed performance in relation to the intercultural and linguistic standards of their university. However, the interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and penalties that they might face if they flouted their social norms. They were concerned that their native counterparts may view them as “foreignersand consider them unintelligent. This was a concern similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These findings suggest that native-speakers' pragmatic norms are not the preferred norm for Korean learners. They may still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reassess the usefulness of these tests in various cultural contexts and specific situations. This will allow them to better understand how different cultural environments could affect the practical behavior of L2 students in the classroom and beyond. Additionally it will assist educators to develop more effective methodologies for teaching and testing the korea-based pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor at Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based in Seoul. Case Studies The case study method is an investigational strategy that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to investigate a particular subject. This method utilizes various sources of data including documents, interviews, and observations, to support its findings. This kind of research can be used to examine unique or complex issues that are difficult to other methods to assess. In a case study, the first step is to clearly define the subject and the goals of the study. This will help you determine what aspects of the subject are important to investigate and which can be omitted. It is also useful to review the existing research to gain a broad understanding of the subject. It will also help put the issue in a larger theoretical context. This case study was based upon an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], along with its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the experiment showed that L2 Korean students were extremely vulnerable to native models. They tended to choose wrong answer choices that were literal interpretations. This was a departure from the correct pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to add their own words or “garbage” to their responses. This also lowered the quality of their responses. Furthermore, the participants of this study were L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their second or third year of university and were hoping to achieve level 6 in their next attempt. They were asked to answer questions about their WTC/SPCC as well as understanding and pragmatic awareness. Interviewees were presented with two hypothetical situations involving an interaction with their counterparts and asked to select one of the strategies below to use when making an offer. They were then asked to provide the reasons behind their decision. The majority of participants attributed their lack of a pragmatic response to their personality. For example, TS claimed that she was hard to get close to, and she therefore did not want to inquire about the well-being of her friend with a heavy workload despite her belief that native Koreans would do so.